Steam Tables: Saturated and Superheated Steam Data (SI Units)

Steam tables provide essential thermodynamic properties of water and steam, including pressure, temperature, specific volume, internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy. These values are widely used in engineering calculations for boilers, turbines, heat exchangers and power systems.

This page provides a complete index of saturated and superheated steam tables in SI units, along with definitions and guidance for using the data in thermodynamic calculations.

What Are Steam Tables?

Steam tables are reference tables used in thermodynamics to determine the properties of water and steam at different pressures and temperatures. They are essential for calculating energy transfer, efficiency, and phase changes in engineering systems.

How to Use Steam Tables

To use steam tables, first determine whether the steam is saturated or superheated. Then identify the known property such as pressure or temperature, and read the corresponding values for enthalpy, entropy, or specific volume.

• If pressure is known → use pressure tables
• If temperature is known → use temperature tables
• If both exceed saturation → use superheated tables

Introduction

The pages linked provide steam table data including temperature-pressure referenced specific volume, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy values.  The information is listed in SI units



A typical plot which can be produced using the tables is shown below for the T vs h.  Similar plots could be produced for v. s. and u.  The critical point C at which the there is no difference between the liquid and gaseous phase is at 221.2 bar and 374.15 ^oC.

The Triple point at which solid ,liquid and gas phases can all exist together is at 0.0061 bar and 0.01 ^oC.   This triple point is used as the zero datum for specific enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy.

Saturated Steam-Pressure	Saturated Steam-Temperature	Superheated steam ( 150oC-160oC-180oC )
Superheated steam (200oC-220oC-250oC )	Superheated steam (300oC-350oC-400oC )	Superheated steam ( 450oC-550oC-650oC )

Note: As stated above 0.1^o C is the datum (zero) point for enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy values

Notation

• P = Absolute pressur (bar) - conditions in steam tables are directly related to the pressure
• t _s = Saturation temperature (boiling point) in deg Celsius at pressure P
• v _f = Specific volume of saturated liquid (No gas content but at the temperature of evaporation)..m³/kg
• v _g = Specific Volume of dry saturated gas (No liquid content-but no superheat)..m³
• u _f = Specific Internal Energy of saturated liquid ....(units kJ/kg)
• u _fg = Specific Internal Energy of change of phase form liquid to gas at stated condions ..kJ/kg
• u _g = Specific Internal Energy of dry saturated gas (No liquid content-but no superheat)..kJ/kg
• h _f = Specific Internal Energy of saturated liquid ..kJ/kg
• h _fg = Specific Latent heat or Enthalpy of change of phase..kJ/kg
• h_g = Specific Enthalpy of dry saturated gas (No liquid content-but no superheat) ..kJ/kg
• s _f = Specific Entropy of saturated liquid ..kJ/kg.K
• s _fg = Specific Entropy of change of phase form liquid to gas at stated condions ..kJ/kg.K
• s _g = Specific Entropy of dry saturated gas (No liquid content-but no superheat)..kJ/kg.K

When using steam tables it is often necessary to determine to property of a steam/water mixture.  In this case the quality (x) of the steam is used. This is defined as the mass of steam per unit mass of the mixture.  The following relationships apply.

See Also

• Fundamentals
• Heat Transfer
• Insulation
• Thermodynamics Relationships
• Thermodynamic Laws
• Steady Flow Equation
• Thermodynamic Properties
• Entropy
• Cycles
• Heat Engines
• Four/Two stroke Engines
• Steam Turbines
• Air Compressers /Pumps
• Boilers
• Combustion
• Condensers
• Thermodynamics Insulation Tables
• Thermodynamics First Law Non Flow

Steam Table Calculations (AI Assisted)

Steam table calculations often require interpolation between values and identification of the correct thermodynamic region. Modern engineering tools and AI systems can automate these calculations and provide step-by-step solutions.

Future tools on this site will allow users to input pressure and temperature values to automatically calculate properties such as enthalpy, entropy, and steam quality with full working steps.

Thermodynamic /Heat Transfer Links Steam Table Links

1. Thermodynamic Properties of Water (steam Tables)..Very useful and convenient calculator
2. Efunda Steam Properties..Useful calculator .. Limited access before membership required
3. NIST/ASME Steam Properities Database..Steam data software download -($50) Based on International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS)
4. WASP water and steam properties..Steam and Water properties calculator - very conveniet