Roymech engineering encyclopedia

Plain Bearing Friction – Coefficients and Engineering Data




Solid Print 3D


Plain bearing friction refers to the resistance to motion between sliding surfaces in bearings such as journal, linear and thrust bearings. The level of friction depends on lubrication conditions, load, speed and material properties.

This page provides basic equations for calculating friction torque and force in plain bearings, along with typical ranges of friction coefficients for different lubrication regimes including hydrodynamic, mixed and dry operation.

Plain bearings can be linear, journal and thrust. They can be hydrostatically, or hydrodynamically lubricated or operated dry. These different modes of operation can all result in very different friction factors. The coefficient of friction for plain bearings relates to the type of bearing, the speed of rotation, the load, the amount and viscosity of the lubrication, the friction of the seals, etc. The friction factors provided are approximate and are only suitable for assessment of relative values.

It is very important to note that determination of reasonably accurate friction factors for lubricated plain bearings is very complicated. Serious design should include reference to bearing suppliers and/or reputable reference documents.


Journal Bearings

The bearing friction torque Mr = P · f · (D / 2)

  • Mr = Friction Torque (Nmm)
  • P = Radial Force (N)
  • f = Coefficient of friction
  • D = Shaft diameter (mm)

Linear Bearings

The bearing friction force Fa = P · f

  • Fa = Friction force (N)
  • P = Perpendicular load (N)
  • f = Coefficient of friction

Rotating Thrust Bearings

The bearing friction torque Mr = P · f · (Do + Di) / 4

  • Mr = Friction Torque (Nmm)
  • P = Axial force (N)
  • f = Coefficient of friction
  • Do = Outside diameter (mm)
  • Di = Inside diameter (mm)

Typical Coefficients of Friction

Approximate values for coefficient of friction (f):

  • Hydrodynamic thick film (grease, 1 m/s): f = 0.0002 to 0.0075
  • Hydrodynamic thick film (grease, 2.5 m/s): f = 0.0027 to 0.015
  • Hydrodynamic thick film (oil, 1 m/s): f = 0.0012 to 0.0040
  • Hydrodynamic thick film (oil, 2.5 m/s): f = 0.0020 to 0.007
  • Mixed film (boundary + hydrodynamic): f = 0.02 to 0.08
  • Thin film: f = 0.08 to 0.14
  • Dry (PTFE / lead vs steel): f = 0.02 to 0.3
  • Dry (plastic vs steel): f = 0.1 to 0.3
  • Dry (metal vs steel): f = 0.2 to 0.4

More accurate values should be obtained from supplier technical data and detailed reference sources.


See Also

Links to Plain Bearing Information
  1. Copper Org..Useful bearing notes
  2. Copper Development Association UK..Useful reference Data on Copper Based bearings
  3. Garlock Bearings..Product Information and Useful Downloads (Glacier Bearings)