304H Stainless Steel is a commonly used engineering material. This page provides a complete data sheet including composition, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and typical applications. Use this information for material selection, engineering design, and comparison with similar grades.
Stainless steel types1.4301 and 1.4307 are also known as grades 304 and 304L respectively. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 18/8 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Type 304 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be severely deep drawn. This property has resulted in 304 being the dominant grade used in applications like sinks and saucepans. Type 304L is the low carbon version of 304. It is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability. Some products such as plate and pipe may be available as dual certified material that meets the criteria for both 304 and 304L. 304H, a high carbon content variant, is also available for use at high or low temperatures.
304 stainless steel is typically used in: Sinks and splashbacks, Saucepans, Cutlery and flatware, Architectural panelling, Sanitaryware and troughs, Tubing, Brewery, dairy, food and pharmaceutical production equipment, Springs, nuts, bolts and screws and 304H is often used in high or low temperature applications and also for fasteners.
304 has excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of environments and when in contact with different corrosive media. Pitting and crevice corrosion can occur in environments containing chlorides. Stress corrosion cracking can occur at temperatures over 60°C.
304 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. However, continuous use at 425-860°C is not recommended if corrosion resistance in water is required. In this instance 304L is recommended due to its resistance to carbide precipitation. Where high strength is required at temperatures above 500°C and up to 800°C, grade 304H is recommended. This material will retain aqueous corrosion resistance. Where high strength is required at temperatures above 500°C, grade 316H is recommended. Where high strength is required at temperatures above 500°C, grade 316H is recommended.
Fabrication of all stainless steels should be done only with tools dedicated to stainless steel materials. Tooling and work surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned before use. These precautions are necessary to avoid cross contamination of stainless steel by easily corroded metals that may discolour the surface of the fabricated product.
304 stainless steel readily work hardens. Fabrication methods involving cold working may require an intermediate annealing stage to alleviate work hardening and avoid tearing or cracking. At the completion of fabrication a full annealing operation should be employed to reduce internal stresses and optimise corrosion resistance.
Fabrication methods, like forging, that involve hot working should occur after uniform heating to 1149-1260°C. The fabricated components should then be rapidly cooled to ensure maximum corrosion resistance.
304 has good machinability. Machining can be enhanced by using the following rules:
Cutting edges must be kept sharp. Dull edges cause excess work hardening.
Cuts should be light but deep enough to prevent work hardening by riding on the surface of the material.
Chip breakers should be employed to assist in ensuring swarf remains clear of the work.
Low thermal conductivity of austenitic alloys results in heat concentrating at the cutting edges. This means coolants and lubricants are necessary and must be used in large quantities.
304 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Solution treatment or annealing can be done by rapid cooling after heating to 1010-1120°C.
Fusion welding performance for type 304 stainless steel is excellent both with and without fillers. Recommended filler rods and electrodes for stainless steel 304 is grade 308 stainless steel. For 304L the recommended filler is 308L. Heavy welded sections may require post-weld annealing. This step is not required for 304L. Grade 321 may be used if post-weld heat treatment is not possible.
304H is not a good choice for weldingFusion welding performance for type 304 stainless steel is excellent both with and without fillers. Recommended filler rods and electrodes for stainless steel 304 is grade 308 stainless steel. For 304L the recommended filler is 308L. Heavy welded sections may require post-weld annealing. This step is not required for 304L. Grade 321 may be used if post-weld heat treatment is not possible.
304H is not a good choice for welding.
Stainless Steel Grade 1.4948/304H
Carbon (C) 0.04 - 0.08
Chromium (Cr) 17.00 - 19.00
Manganese (Mn) 0.0 - 2.00
Silicon (Si) 0.0 - 1.00
Phosphorous (P) 0.0 - 0.04
Sulphur (S) 0.0 - 0.02
Nickel (Ni) 8.00 - 11.00
Nitrogen (N) 0.0 - 0.10
Iron (Fe) Balance
| Metric | Imperial | |
|---|---|---|
| Dielectric Strength | ∞V/m | ∞V/ft |
| Electric Resistivity (@ 20 °C) | 72 µΩcm | 28.30 µΩin |
| Magnetic Permeability | 1.02 | 1.02 |
| Metric | Imperial | |
|---|---|---|
| Ductility | 60 % | 60 % |
| Friction Coefficient (static) | 0.06-0.15 | 0.06-0.15 |
| Hardness, Rockwell B | 75 | 75 |
| Poissons Ratio | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Proof Stress | 200 Mpa | 29007.54 psi |
| Mass Density | 8000 Kg/m3 | 499.42 lb/ft3 |
| Shear Modulus | 78 Gpa | 11312.94 ksi |
| Tensile Strength | 520 MPa | 75419.60 psi |
| Yield Strength | 205 MPa | 29732.73 psi |
| Youngs Modulus | 193 GPa | 27992.28 ksi |
| Metric | Imperial | |
|---|---|---|
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (Linear @ 0-100°C) | 17 x 10-6 °C-1 | 9.45 x 10-6 °F-1 |
| Melting Point | 1400 °C | 2552.00-32.00 °F |
| Service Temperature in Air Intermittent | 800 °C | 1472.00 °F |
| Service Temperature in Air Continous | 830 °C | 1526.00 °F |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.5 J/g-°C | 198.24 BTU/lb-°F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16 W/mK | 9.24 BTU/hr ft |