This corrosion resistance table provides a preliminary comparison of 304, 321, 347, 316 and 316L stainless steels, nickel, Monel, Inconel and Hastelloy C when exposed to a wide range of chemicals and operating temperatures.
Engineers and students can use the table to compare how different corrosion-resistant alloys may perform in a particular chemical environment. Find the chemical or process fluid in the first column, check the operating temperature, and then compare the resistance ratings across the available materials.
The ratings are intended as preliminary engineering guidance rather than a final material-selection specification. Actual corrosion performance can also be affected by concentration, temperature, contamination, aeration, flow conditions, fabrication, welding and other service conditions.
The table below provides approximate corrosion resistance data for selected corrosion-resistant metals exposed to a range of common chemicals and operating conditions. The information has been collated from a number of engineering reference sources and is intended for preliminary material comparison and guidance.
Corrosion performance can vary significantly with chemical concentration, temperature, contamination, flow conditions and other service factors. For critical applications, material selection should be confirmed using current manufacturer data, recognised engineering references or appropriate corrosion testing.
| Chemical /condition |
Temp oC |
304, 321,347 Stain. Stl. |
316,316L Stain. Stl. |
Nickel | Monel | Iconel | Hastalloy C |
| Acetic Acid (20%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Acetic Acid (50%) | 21 | A | A | B | A | A | A |
| Acetic Acid (50%) | Boiling | C | B | B | A | B | A |
| Acetic Acid (80%) | 21 | A | A | B | A | A | A |
| Acetic Acid (80%) | Boiling | D | B | B | A | B | A |
| Acetic Acid (100%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Acetic Acid (100%) | Boiling | C | B | C | B | B | A |
| Acetic Acid (100% - 150 lb pressure) | 204 | E | C | - | - | - | A |
| Acetic Anhydride | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Acetic Anhydride | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Acetic Vapours (100%) | Hot | E | C | C | B | B | |
| Acetic Vapours (30%) | Hot | C | B | - | - | - | |
| Acetone | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Acetone | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Alcohol Ethyl | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Alcohol Ethyl | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Alcohol Methyl | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Alcohol Methyl | 66 | C | B | A | A | A | A |
| Aluminium Acetate - saturated | A | A | - | - | - | ||
| Aluminium Chloride | 21 | D | C | B | B | C | A |
| Alum (Chrome) 5% | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | |
| Aluminium Fluoride | 21 | D | C | A | A | B | B |
| Aluminium Hydroxide - saturated | A | A | A | A | A | B | |
| Aluminium | Molten | E | E | E | E | E | |
| Aluminium Potassium Sulphate (2% alum) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | C |
| Aluminium Potassium Sulphate (10%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | C |
| Aluminium Potassium Sulphate (10%) | Boiling | B | A | B | A | B | C |
| Aluminium Potassium Sulphate (saturated) | Boiling | C | B | C | B | B | C |
| Aluminium Sulphate (10%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Aluminium Sulphate (10%) | Boiling | B | A | B | A | B | B |
| Aluminium Sulphate (saturated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Aluminium Sulphate (saturated) | Boiling | B | A | B | A | B | B |
| Ammonia - all concentrations | 21 | A | A | - | - | A | A |
| Ammonia - gas | Hot | D | - | - | - | - | A |
| Ammonia Liquor | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | A |
| Ammonia Liquor | Boiling | A | A | C | C | A | A |
| Ammonium Bicarbonate | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Ammonium Bicarbonate | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Ammonium Carbonate (1% & 5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Ammonium Chloride (1%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | D |
| Ammonium Chloride (10% solution) | Boiling | A | A | A | A | B | D |
| Ammonium Chloride (28% solution) | Boiling | B | A | A | A | B | D |
| Ammonium Chloride (50% solution) | Boiling | B | A | A | A | B | D |
| Ammonium Nitrate (All con. agitated) | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | B |
| Ammonium Nitrate (All con. aerated) | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | B |
| Ammonium Nitrate (saturated) | Boiling | A | A | E | E | B | B |
| Ammonium Oxalate (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Ammonium Persulphate (5%) | 21 | A | A | E | E | A | B |
| Ammonium Phosphate (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Ammonium Sulphate (1% & 5% agitated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Ammonium Sulphate (1% & 5% aerated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Ammonium Sulphate (10%) | Boiling | B | A | B | A | B | B |
| Ammonium Sulphate (saturated) | Boiling | B | A | B | A | B | B |
| Ammonium Sulphite | Cold | A | A | C | B | B | |
| Ammonium Sulphite | Boiling | A | A | E | C | C | |
| Aniline (3%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Aniline (conc. Crude) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Aniline Hydrochloride | 21 | E | D | B | B | C | D |
| Antimony Trichloride | 21 | E | D | A | A | A | |
| Barium Carbonate | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Barium Chloride (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Barium Chloride (saturated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Barium Chloride (aqueous solution) | Hot | B | A | A | A | B | |
| Barium Nitrate (aqueous solution) | Hot | A | A | C | C | B | |
| Barium Sulphate Barytes (blanc * * *ixe) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Benzene | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Benzoic Acid | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Boracic Acid (5%) | Hot/Cold | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Borax (5%) | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Bromide (dry) | 21 | - | - | A | A | A | |
| Bromine Water | 21 | E | D | D | D | D | A |
| Butyric Acid (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Butyric Acid (5%) | 66 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Butyric Acid (aqueous solution - sp. g. 0.964) | Boiling | A | A | - | - | A | A |
| Calcium Carbonate | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Calcium Chlorate (dilute solution) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Calcium Chlorate (dilute solution) | Hot | A | A | A | A | B | |
| Calcium Chloride (dilute solution) | 21 | B | A | A | A | A | A |
| Calcium Chloride (concentrated solutions) | 21 | B | A | A | A | A | A |
| Calcium Hydroxide (10%) | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Calcium Hydroxide (20%) | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Calcium Hydroxide (50%) | Boiling | C | B | A | A | A | A |
| Calcium Hyperchlorite (2%) | 21 | B | A | C | C | B | B |
| Calcium Sulphate (saturated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Carbolic Acid (Phenol) | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Carbonated water | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Carbon Bisulphide | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Carbon monoxide gas | 871 | A | A | - | - | - | B |
| Carbon monoxide gas | 760 | A | A | - | - | - | B |
| Carbon tetrachloride (pure) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Carbon tetrachloride (aqueous solution - 5-10%) | 21 | C | - | A | A | A | |
| Chloracetic Acid | 21 | D | C | A | A | A | A |
| Chlorbenzol Conc. (pure) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Chloric Acid | 21 | E | D | D | D | D | A |
| Chlorinated Water (saturated) | 21 | C | B | C | C | B | A |
| Chlorine gas (dry) | 21 | C | B | C | C | C | A |
| Chlorine gas (moist) | 21 | D | C | C | C | C | A |
| Chlorine gas | 100 | E | D | A | A | A | |
| Chloroform | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Chromic Acid (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Chromic Acid (10% CP) | Boiling | C | B | C | B | C | A |
| Chromic Acid (50% Com. Cont. SO3 | Boiling | D | C | - | - | - | B |
| Chromium Plating Bath | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | |
| Citric Acid (5% still) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Citric Acid (5% still) | 66 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Citric Acid (15%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Citric Acid (15%) | Boiling | B | A | B | A | A | A |
| Citric Acid (concentrated) | Boiling | C | B | B | A | B | A |
| Copper Acetate (saturated sol.) | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | |
| Copper Carbonate (sat. solution in 50% NH_OH) | A | A | C | C | A | ||
| Copper Chloride (1% agitated) | 21 | B | A | B | B | A | |
| Copper Chloride (1% aerated) | 21 | B | A | B | B | A | |
| Copper Chloride (5% agitated) | 21 | C | B | C | C | C | |
| Copper Chloride (5% aerated) | 21 | E | D | D | D | C | |
| Copper Cyanide (saturated solution) | Boiling | A | A | B | B | B | A |
| Copper Nitrate (1% and 5%) | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | B |
| Copper Nitrate (50% aqueous solution) | Hot | A | A | E | E | C | B |
| Copper Sulphate (5%) | 21 | A | A | B | B | A | A |
| Copper Sulphate (saturated solution) | Boiling | A | A | C | C | C | A |
| Creosote (Coal Tar) | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Creosote Oil | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Cyanogen Gas | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Dinitrochlorbenzol (melted and solidified) | 21 | A | A | - | - | - | |
| Ether | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Ethyl Chloride | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Ethylene Chloride | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Ferric Chloride (1% solution - still) | 21 | B | A | B | C | C | B |
| Ferric Chloride (1% solution - still) | Boiling | D | C | E | E | E | B |
| Ferric Chloride (5% solution - still) | 21 | D | C | D | D | C | B |
| Ferric Chloride (5% - agitated) | 21 | C | C | D | D | C | B |
| Ferric Chloride (5% - aerated) | 21 | C | C | D | D | C | B |
| Ferric Hydroxide (Hydrated Iron Oxide) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Ferric Nitrate (1% and 5%) | 21 | A | A | D | D | A | B |
| Ferric Sulphate (1% and 5%) | 21 | A | A | C | C | A | A |
| Ferrous Sulphate (dilute sol.) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Fluorine | 21 | E | E | A | A | A | B |
| Formalin (40% sol. Formaldehyde) | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Formic Acid (5% still) | 21 | B | A | A | A | A | A |
| Formic Acid (5% still) | 66 | B | A | A | A | A | A |
| Fuel Oil | Hot | A | A | B | B | A | A |
| Fuel Oil (containing sulphuric acid) | C | B | B | B | B | A | |
| Gallic Acid (5% solution) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Gallic Acid (5% solution) | 66 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Glue (dry) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Glue (solution - acid) | 21 | B | A | A | A | A | |
| Glue (solution - acid) | 60 | B | A | A | A | A | |
| Glycerine | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Hydrochloric Acid (all concentrations) | 21 | E | E | B | B | C | A/B |
| Hydrocyanic Acid | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Hydrofluosilicic Acid | 21 | E | D | A | A | B | B |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | Boiling | B | A | - | - | - | A |
| Hydrogen Sulphide (dry) | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Hydrogen Sulphide (wet_ | B | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Hyposulphite Soda (Hypo) | A | A | B | A | A | ||
| Iodine | E | D | D | D | D | A | |
| Iodoform | A | A | - | - | - | D | |
| Lactic Acid (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Lactic Acid (5%) | 66 | B | A | A | A | A | B |
| Lactic Acid (10%) | Boiling | D | B | C | C | B | B |
| Lactic Acid (10%) | 66 | C | B | B | B | B | B |
| Lead | Molten | B | B | D | D | B | |
| Linseed Oil | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Magnesium Chloride (1% and 5% - still) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Magnesium Chloride (1% and 5% - still) | Hot | C | B | A | A | A | A |
| Magnesium Sulphate | Hot/Cold | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Malic Acid | Hot/Cold | B | A | A | A | A | B |
| Mayonnaise | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Mercuric Chloride (dilute solutions | E | D | D | D | D | C | |
| Mercury | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Methanol (Methyl Alcohol) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Mixed Acids (53% H2SO4) | Cold | A | A | D | D | A | |
| Mixed Acids (45% HN03) | Cold | A | A | D | D | A | |
| Molasses | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Muriatic Acid | 21 | E | E | B | B | C | |
| Mustard | 21 | A | A | A | B | B | A |
| Naphtha | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Naphtha (crude) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Nickel Chloride (solution) | 21 | A | A | B | B | B | B |
| Nickel Sulphate | Hot/Cold | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Niter Cake | Fused | B | A | - | - | - | |
| Nitric Acid (5% solution) | 21 | A | A | E | E | B | A |
| Nitric Acid (20% solution) | 21 | A | A | E | E | A | A |
| Nitric Acid (50% solution) | 21 | A | A | E | E | A | A |
| Nitric Acid (50% solution) | Boiling | A | A | E | E | C | A |
| Nitric Acid (65% solution) | Boiling | B | B | E | E | D | A |
| Nitric Acid (concentrated) | 21 | A | A | E | E | A | B |
| Nitric Acid (concentrated) | Boiling | D | D | E | E | D | B |
| Nitrous Acid (5% solution) | 21 | A | A | D | D | A | D |
| Oils (crude) | Hot/Cold | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Oils (vegetable, mineral) | Hot/Cold | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Oleic Acid | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Oxalic Acid (5%) | Hot/Cold | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Oxalic Acid (10%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Oxalic Acid (10%) | Boiling | B | C | B | A | B | B |
| Paraffin | Hot/Cold | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Petroleum Ether | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Phenol | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Phosphoric Acid (1%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Phosphoric Acid (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Phosphoric Acid (10% - still) | 21 | C | A | B | A | A | A |
| Phosphoric Acid (10% - agitated) | 21 | C | B | B | B | B | A |
| Phosphoric Acid (10% - aerated) | 21 | C | B | C | C | B | A |
| Picric Acid | 21 | A | A | - | - | - | B |
| Potassium Bichromate | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Potassium Bromide | 21 | B | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Carbonate (1%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Carbonate (1%) | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Chlorate | A | A | A | A | A | B | |
| Potassium Chloride (1% and 5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Potassium Chloride (1% and 5%) | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Potassium Ferricyanide (5%) | 21 | A | A | - | - | - | B |
| Potassium Ferrocyanide (5%) | 21 | A | A | - | - | - | B |
| Potassium Hydroxide (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Hydroxide (27%) | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Hydroxide (50%) | Boiling | B | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Nitrate (1% and 5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Nitrate (1% and 5%) | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Oxalate | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Potassium Permanganate (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Potassium Sulphate (1% and 5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Sulphate (1% and 5%) | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Potassium Sulphide (salt) | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Pyrogallic Acid | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Quinine Bisulphate (dry) | B | A | A | A | A | ||
| Quinine Sulphate (dry) | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Rosin | Molten | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Sea Water | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Sewage | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Silver Bromide | B | A | - | - | - | A | |
| Silver Chloride | E | E | - | - | - | ||
| Silver Nitrate | A | A | E | E | A | A | |
| Soap | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Acetate (moist) | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Sodium Bicarbonate (all concentrations) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Sodim Bicarbonate (5% - still) | 66 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Sodium Carbonate (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Carbonate (5%) | 66 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Chloride (5% - still) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Chloride (5% - still) | 66 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Chloride (20% aerated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Chloride (saturated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Chloride (saturated) | Boiling | B | A | A | A | A | A |
| Sodium Fluoride (5% solution) | B | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Sodium Hydroxide | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Sodium Hypochlorite (5% - still) | B | A | C | C | C | A | |
| Sodium Hyposulphite | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Sodium Nitrate | Fused | C | B | A | B | A | B |
| Sodium Sulphate (5% -still) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Sodium Sulphate (all concentrations) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Sodium Sulphide (saturated) | B | A | A | A | A | B | |
| Sodium Sulphite (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Sodium Sulphite (10%) | 66 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Stannic Chloride (Sp. G. 1.21) | Boiling | E | E | B | B | C | |
| Stannic Chloride (solution) | 21 | D | C | A | B | B | |
| Stannous Chloride (saturated) | C | A | A | B | B | ||
| Stearic Acid | A | A | A | A | A | ||
| Sulphur Chloride | E | D | A | A | A | ||
| Sulphur Dioxide Gas (moist) | 21 | B | A | D | C | C | |
| Sulphur Dioxide Gas (moist) | 302 | A | A | - | - | - | |
| Sulphur (dry) | Molten | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Sulphur (wet) | B | A | B | B | A | ||
| Sulphuric Acid (5%) | 21 | C | B | A | A | A | B |
| Sulphuric Acid (5%) | Boiling | E | C | D | A | C | B |
| Sulphuric Acid (10%) | 21 | C | B | B | A | B | B |
| Sulphuric Acid (10%) | Boiling | E | D | C | A | C | B |
| Sulphuric Acid (50%) | 21 | D | C | B | A | B | B |
| Sulphuric Acid (50%) | Boiling | E | D | E | E | E | B |
| Sulphuric Acid (concentrated) | 21 | A | A | B | B | B | A |
| Sulphuric Acid (concentrated) | Boiling | D | D | E | E | E | A |
| Sulphuric Acid (concentrated) | 149 | E | E | E | E | E | A |
| Sulphuric Acid (fuming) | 21 | C | B | C | B | B | B |
| Sulphurous Acid (saturated) | 21 | C | B | E | E | E | B |
| Sulphurous Acid (saturated 60 lb pressure) | 121 | C | B | E | E | E | B |
| Sulphurous Acid (saturated 70 - 125 lb pressure) | 154 | C | B | E | E | E | B |
| Sulphurous Acid (150 lb pressure) | 191 | C | B | E | E | E | B |
| Sulphurous Acid (sulphurous spray) | 21 | D | D | E | E | E | B |
| Tannic Acid | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Tannic Acid | 66 | B | A | A | A | A | B |
| Tartaric Acid | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Tartaric Acid | 66 | B | A | A | A | A | B |
| Tin | Molten | C | C | E | E | E | C |
| Trichloracetic Acid | 21 | E | E | B | B | B | B |
| Varnish | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Varnish | Hot | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Vinegar Fumes | B | A | B | A | A | A | |
| Vinegar (still) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Vinegar (agitated) | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
| Vinegar (aerated) | 21 | A | A | B | A | A | A |
| Zinc | Molten | E | E | E | E | E | |
| Zinc Chloride (5% - still) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | B |
| Zinc Chloride (5% - still) | Boiling | B | B | B | B | B | B |
| Zinc Sulphate (5%) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Zinc Sulphate (saturated) | 21 | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Zinc Sulphate (25%) | Boiling | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| Chemical /condition |
Temp oC |
304, 321,347 Stain. Stl. |
316,316L Stain. Stl. |
Nickel | Monel | Iconel | Hastalloy C |
This table is most useful during the preliminary stages of material selection. An engineer can identify the chemical, concentration and operating temperature, then compare the corrosion resistance ratings of the available stainless steels and nickel alloys.
A favourable corrosion resistance rating does not automatically make a material suitable for the complete engineering application. Mechanical strength, operating temperature, pressure, fabrication and welding requirements, availability and cost may also influence the final material choice.
Particular care should be taken where operating conditions differ from those shown in the table. Changes in chemical concentration or temperature can significantly affect corrosion behaviour, so final material selection for critical applications should be confirmed using appropriate manufacturer or specialist corrosion data.
Find the chemical or process fluid in the table, check the concentration and operating temperature, and then compare the corrosion resistance ratings for the available stainless steels and nickel alloys. The table is intended to help identify materials that may be suitable for further investigation.
The A to E ratings indicate the approximate corrosion resistance of each material under the conditions shown in the table. Lower corrosion rates receive the better ratings, while the poorer ratings indicate progressively greater material attack. Always refer to the rating key provided with the table when interpreting the results.
Corrosion behaviour can change significantly with chemical concentration and temperature. A material that performs well under one set of conditions may have substantially different corrosion resistance at another concentration or operating temperature.
The table can be used to compare the approximate corrosion resistance of the stainless steel grades shown for particular chemicals and operating conditions. However, corrosion resistance is only one part of material selection, and factors such as mechanical properties, fabrication, welding, temperature and cost should also be considered.
The table is intended for preliminary engineering comparison and should not be the sole basis for final material selection. For critical applications, the selected alloy should be checked using current manufacturer data, recognised engineering references or appropriate corrosion testing for the actual operating conditions.